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1903 Florida hurricane
The 1903 Florida hurricane, also known as the 1903 ''Inchulva'' hurricane for its sinking of the British steamship ''Inchulva'', was an Atlantic hurricane that caused extensive wind and flood damage on the Florida peninsula and over the adjourning Southeastern United States in early to middle September 1903. The third tropical cyclone and third hurricane of the 1903 Atlantic hurricane season, it first developed over the Bahamas on September 9 and moved northwest, becoming a hurricane the next day and passing near Nassau. Peaking at , equivalent to a moderate Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, the cyclone then turned to the west-northwest on September 11 and passed just north of the Bimini Islands. As it crossed the Bahamas, the cyclone produced hurricane-force winds that caused extensive damage to crops and buildings, but no deaths were reported over the island chain.
Two days later, the cyclone struck near Fort Lauderdale in southeast Florida, causing a moderate storm surge of up to about to the north of the landfall location and winds of up to . The storm caused the sinking of the Inchulva, drowning nine of her crew members. The cyclone also caused extensive wind damage in present-day Broward and Palm Beach Counties, although most of the losses were to crops such as sugarcane. At least two people died as the hurricane crossed the Florida peninsula, producing heavy rainfall. In Northwest Florida, Alabama, and Georgia, the cyclone produced widespread rainfall, causing some crop damage. Additionally, a storm surge caused boats to be blown ashore in the Florida Panhandle, although structural damage was relatively minor. In all, the storm killed 14 people in Florida and produced $500,000 in damage.〔
==Meteorological history==
Based upon scientific research conducted by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's Hurricane Research Division in 2003, the cyclone is estimated to have first begun as a moderate tropical storm south of Mayaguana in the Bahamas early on September 9 with maximum sustained winds near , though due to scarce observations its genesis likely occurred earlier than this time but was undetected operationally. Moving slowly northwest, the cyclone quickly strengthened into a hurricane with winds of , equivalent to Category 1 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, early the next day. By 00 UTC on September 11, it attained a peak intensity of , the first of two along its path, while centered about west of the Bahamian capital Nassau on New Providence Island. Turning to the west-northwest, the cyclone maintained its intensity while passing just north of the Bimini Islands. Just before 00 UTC on September 12, the cyclone struck South Florida near Fort Lauderdale with an estimated central pressure of . Thereafter, the hurricane weakened upon crossing the Florida Everglades, and about 18 hours after making landfall, the cyclone entered the Gulf of Mexico near Egmont Key, south of Saint Petersburg in the Tampa Bay region, with winds of . At this time, the cyclone was still moving west-northwest as it had started nearly two days earlier.〔
Although diminished in intensity after its passage over the Florida peninsula, the cyclone quickly re-organized and began to re-intensify over the gulf. Early on September 13, it regained hurricane intensity while centered about south of St. Marks in the Big Bend area of Florida. Curving to the northwest and increasing its forward speed, the hurricane attained its second and strongest peak intensity, , as it neared the Florida Panhandle. On the afternoon of September 13, the hurricane passed just west of Cape San Blas, about south of Port St. Joe, Florida, but did not make landfall there. As its heading backed to the north-northeast, the cyclone moved made its second and final landfall in the contiguous United States near Panama City just before 00 UTC on September 14. After moving inland, the cyclone rapidly diminished to a strong tropical storm and continued to weaken as it entered southern Alabama early on September 14. The next day, it turned northeast and then east-northeast, and by 00 UTC on September 16, it degenerated into a tropical depression. Less than 24 hours later, the system dissipated just east of the Georgia/South Carolina border.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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